Les Siècles/François-Xavier Roth
Les Siècles is an orchestra that has changed the way we listen to music of the 19th and 20th centuries. Tonight it and its founder François-Xavier Roth glory in the subtle soundscapes of masterpieces from their native France.
‘Modern music was awakened by the Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune,’ said Pierre Boulez. For the 1894 Parisian audience who first heard that languid flute and those sensuous strings, the experience must have been unlike anything they’d previously encountered. Sitting among them was Stéphane Mallarmé, whose poem had inspired Debussy’s music. He was ‘deeply moved’, he later wrote to the composer. ‘A miracle! That your illustration of L’après-midi d’un faune should present no dissonance with my text, other than to venture further, truly, into nostalgia and light, with finesse, with uneasiness, with generosity …’
Debussy said that his symphonic poem, which traces the desires and dreams of a faun in the heat of an afternoon, was designed to give a general impression of Mallarmé’s text, although scholars have linked lines of text with specific bars of music. In 1912 the Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune was reborn in another guise, with yet more layers added, thanks to the Ballets Russes. This was the dance company run by (in Debussy’s words) the ‘terrible but wonderful’ Serge Diaghilev, who commissioned new works at a remarkable rate. His star male dancer, Vaslav Nijinsky, both played the faun and choreographed the ballet, pushing the story’s erotic undertones to their limit. The French newspaper Le Figaro was scandalised; the second performance was a sell-out.
This transparent, luscious score might have pointed to the future, but its orchestral colours were rooted in the past. Debussy once said Weber, the founder of German Romantic opera, was his model for orchestration, following in the footsteps of fellow French composer Berlioz. When Weber’s Der Freischütz was staged at the Paris Opéra in 1841, Berlioz was roped in to help out. The company did not allow spoken dialogue on its stage, so – rather reluctantly because he believed his beloved Weber should be performed as originally intended – Berlioz agreed to compose recitatives for the opera, hoping his efforts would at least be better than others. He was even more troubled to be asked to provide a ballet for Act 2, as was the custom for French opera at that time. His solution was to orchestrate one of Weber’s most popular piano pieces, the Invitation to the Dance, in a sympathetic style. The piece took on a life of its own, entirely separate from Weber’s woodland opera, and was soon heard in Berlin and London. ‘It is easy to play and will be performed everywhere, at concerts, at the theatre and at balls,’ Berlioz wrote to a publisher. In 1911, it was also heard as Le spectre de la rose, in a ballet choreographed by Michel Fokine for the Ballets Russes.
Not three years after that came the outbreak of the First World War; its horror, and the torment of illness, lurk behind D’un soir triste, which Lili Boulanger completed in 1918, the year of her tragically early death at the age of just 24. She had been the first woman to win the coveted Prix de Rome in its 115-year history, and she left a small though potent legacy. Told by a doctor in 1916 that she had not long to live, Boulanger pressed ahead, completing all the music she could, alternating bursts of creativity with ever-less successful periods of recovery. Both D’un soir triste and its companion D’un matin de printemps began life as chamber pieces (duo and trio) before Boulanger orchestrated them. D’un soir triste is a marvel of colour and detail, its score the last she wrote by hand. With its dark mood and heavy tread, shocking bass drum and ghostly celesta, it feels like an elegy for both the world and for herself.
But before the war changed everything, there were more modern masterpieces to emerge from France. When the Ballets Russes arrived in Paris, Ravel was immediately in demand. In 1909 Diaghilev commissioned him to write a new work for the company, with choreography by Fokine, starring Nijinsky. It was to be based on an ancient Greek pastoral, telling the story of two foundlings, brought up by shepherds and goatherds, who fall in love. Ravel’s dreams tended more to an 18th-century French idealisation of Greece, whereas Fokine preferred Ancient Greek drawings. Battlelines were drawn, and the birth of Ravel’s ‘choreographic symphony in three parts’ was by no means straightforward. Rehearsals were fraught: Fokine couldn’t speak French and Ravel could only swear in Russian. The dancers struggled, and the premiere, on 8 June 1912, was overshadowed by the scandal engulfing another ballet: Debussy’s Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune. Diaghilev claimed Daphnis et Chloé was ‘a masterpiece, but it is not a ballet. It is a painting of a ballet’ – which is perhaps a compliment, albeit a backhanded one. Yet audiences have fallen for the heady score, with its vast orchestra including wind machines and wordless chorus, ever since. Stravinsky, no less, described it as ‘one of the most beautiful products of French music’.
© Rebecca Franks
Details
Programme and performers
Claude Debussy Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune
Carl Maria von Weber (orch Hector Berlioz) Invitation to the Dance
Lili Boulanger D’un soir triste
Maurice Ravel Daphnis et Chloé
Part 1
Introduction
Danse religieuse
Vif – Danse générale
Danse grotesque de Dorcon – Scène
Danse légère et gracieuse de Daphnis
Lent [devant le groupe radieux que forment Daphnis et Chloé enlacés]
Danse de Lycéion
Scène [Les Pirates]
Nocturne [Une lumière irréelle enveloppe le paysage]
Danse lente et mystérieuse des Nymphes
Interlude
Part 2
Introduction – Danse guerrière
Danse suppliante de Chloé
Lent [Soudain l’atmosphère semble chargée d’éléments insolites]
Part 3
Lever du jour – Scène
Pantomime [Daphnis & Chloé miment l’aventure de Pan et de Syrinx]
Très lent [Chloé figure par sa danse les accents de la flûte]
Chloé tombe dans les bras de Daphnis
Animé – Danse Générale
Les Siècles
François-Xavier Roth conductor
London Symphony Chorus
Artist biographies
Les Siècles is a pioneering Paris-based orchestra, founded in 2003 by conductor François-Xavier Roth. Its musicians perform works using instruments specific to the era of their composition, putting several centuries of musical creation into perspective in unexpected ways.
The ensemble is a trailblazer in historical performance from the 19th and 20th centuries, shining a new light on both much loved and unfamiliar repertoire. Tonight’s concert is part of a European tour celebrating the orchestra’s 20th anniversary, with programmes paying homage to its origin and ethos.
Les Siècles is in residency at Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in Paris and the Atelier Lyrique de Tourcoing and has established series at venues throughout the Hauts-de-France region. It is the associate orchestra of the Berlioz Festival in La Côte Saint-André, the Theatre de Nîmes and the Musicales de Normandie Festival. Its innovative approach and imaginative programming have led to frequent international tours; it is a frequent visitor to the UK, where its performances at the BBC Proms, Aldeburgh and Edinburgh festivals have been met with great acclaim.
Since 2018 Les Siècles has recorded for Harmonia Mundi. It is in the process of releasing the complete orchestral music of Berlioz, Ravel and Debussy, and is beginning a new cycle dedicated to Mahler and the Second Viennese School. Les Siècles also made the premiere recordings of Saint-Saëns’s Le Timbre d’argent, Félicien David’s Christophe Colomb and Dukas’s cantata Velléda. Its wide-ranging discography has received a number of prestigious awards, including the Deutsche Schallplattenkritik and the Edison Klassiek prizes. It also recently garnered Gramophone magazine’s coveted Classical Recording of the Year Award for Daphnis et Chloé.
The musicians of Les Siècles regularly share their passion for classical music through activities in schools, hospitals and prisons. The orchestra is a partner of the L’Aisne Youth Symphony Orchestra, the Hector Berlioz Youth European Orchestra and the DEMOS project in Picardy and Île-de-France. It has also created a ‘Music in the Hospital’ project in partnership with the Trousseau and Beauvais Hospitals.
François-Xavier Roth and Les Siècles also devised Presto!, their own television series for France 2, attracting weekly audiences of over three million viewers.
This concert is supported by the Institut Français in Paris and the Lille European Metropolis. Société Générale’s ‘C’est vous l’avenir’ foundation is the orchestra’s main sponsor, and the concerts of the 2022–23 season are given with the generous support of Aline Foriel-Destezet. The orchestra is toured in the UK by Maestro Arts Ltd.
François-Xavier Roth is one of today’s most imaginative conductors and programmers, whether in his roles as General Music Director of the City of Cologne and founder of Les Siècles, or with leading orchestras such as the London Symphony Orchestra, of which he is Principal Guest Conductor. He is a charismatic and persuasive advocate for classical music of every description.
In Cologne, where he has directed both the Gürzenich Orchestra and the Opera since 2015, his programming is notable for its breadth and depth, including new commissions alongside Baroque and Romantic music. He upholds the orchestra’s pioneering heritage, which includes having given the world premieres of Mahler’s Third and Fifth Symphonies, Brahms’s Double Concerto, Strauss’s Don Quixote and Till Eulenspiegel, and Zimmermann’s Die Soldaten. For Cologne Opera he has led new productions of Benvenuto Cellini, The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, Tannhäuser, Hänsel und Gretel, Tristan und Isolde, Salome, Faust, Béatrice et Bénédict and Der fliegende Holländer.
His sense of musical exploration led him in 2003 to found Les Siècles, which performs contrasting programmes on modern and period instruments, often within the same concert. Together, they have toured Europe, China and Japan, appearing at the Berlin Musikfest, BBC Proms and Enescu Festival. Projects have included recreating the original sound of Stravinsky’s The Rite of Spring, in collaboration with the Pina Bausch and Dominique Brun dance companies, and performing a Beethoven symphony cycle at the Palais de Versailles and around France for the composer’s anniversary year, a project curtailed by the pandemic. In 2019 Les Siècles became resident orchestra of Atelier Lyrique de Tourcoing, where Roth is also Artistic Director, and in 2022 they took up their new residency at Théâtre des Champs-Élysées.
François-Xavier Roth is a champion of new music and has premiered works by Georg-Friedrich Haas and Hèctor Parra, and collaborated with composers such as Pierre Boulez, Wolfgang Rihm, Jörg Widmann, Helmut Lachenmann and Philippe Manoury. He has a leading role in the LSO’s Panufnik Composers Scheme, mentoring young emerging composers.
Engagement with new audiences is an essential part of his work, whether speaking from the podium or working with young people and amateurs. With the Festival Berlioz and Les Siècles, he founded the Jeune Orchestre Européen Hector Berlioz, which has its own collection of period instruments and last year performed Les Troyens à Carthage in Berlioz’s birthplace. In Cologne he has launched a community orchestra and an award-winning youth programme. His television series Presto! attracted weekly audiences of over three million in France.
His large discography includes the complete tone-poems of Richard Strauss, Stravinsky ballets, cycles of Ravel and Berlioz and Bruckner, Mahler and Schumann symphonies, as well as albums commemorating Debussy’s centenary. He was awarded the German Record Critics’ Honorary Prize 2020, the youngest-ever conductor to receive it. He was made a Chevalier of the Légion d’honneur by the French government.
The London Symphony Chorus was formed in 1966 to complement the work of the London Symphony Orchestra and is internationally renowned for its concerts and recordings with the orchestra.
The LSC has worked with many leading international conductors and other major orchestras, including the Berlin, Los Angeles, New York and Vienna Philharmonic and the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra. It has also toured extensively throughout Europe and has visited North America, Israel, Australia and South East Asia.
Concert highlights of this season with the LSO have included Shostakovich’s Symphony No 13 under Gianandrea Noseda; Schubert’s Mass No 5 with François-Xavier Roth; and Brahms’s A German Requiem and Janáček’s Katya Kabanova (recorded for LSO Live), both under Sir Simon Rattle. Other recent highlights include Haydn’s The Creation under Harry Christophers, Dallapiccola’s Il prigioniero, conducted by Sir Antonio Pappano, and Mahler’s Symphony No 2 at the 2022 BBC Proms under Rattle.
The partnership between the LSC and LSO, particularly under Richard Hickox in the 1980s and 1990s, and later with Colin Davis, led to its large catalogue of recordings, whose accolades include five Grammy Awards. Gramophone named the LSO Live recordings of Berlioz’s La Damnation de Faust and Roméo et Juliette with Davis as two of the top ten Berlioz recordings. Recent LSO Live recordings with the chorus include Bernstein’s Wonderful Town and Candide, La Damnation de Faust, Janáček’s The Cunning Little Vixen and Beethoven’s Christ on the Mount of Olives, all with Rattle.
The chorus is an independent charity run by its members. It is committed to excellence, to diversity, equity and inclusion, and to the vocal development of its members. It engages actively in the musical life of London, seeking new members and audiences, and commissioning and performing new works.
